Client Background
As one of the major airlines in the US, it operates a vast and complex airport operations system. Its customer service applications include curbside check in, baggage drop-off, lobby, gates, boarding pass scanning, and more—critical touchpoints for a seamless passenger experience.
Client Need
After migrating its airport service applications to OpenShift containers on AWS, the airline faced challenges due to a monolithic architecture that hindered scalability and cost-efficiency:
Inefficient auto-scaling impacting performance
Complex updates due to tight application dependencies
Suboptimal EC2 resource usage increasing expenses
Absence of structured API management posing risks
Solution
Our team partnered with the client to modernize its IT infrastructure by implementing a cloud-native microservices architecture on AWS. Key design principles included:
| Principles | Description |
|---|---|
| Statelessness | No persistent state within containers, aiding scalability |
| Immutability | Containers replaced rather than modified for reliability |
| Self-Containment | All dependencies bundled within the container image |
| Observability | Exposed metrics, logs, and health endpoints for monitoring |
| Lifecycle Conformance | Supported platform events and disposability |
| Resource Confinement | Declared and enforced resource limits |
| DDD Alignment | Service boundaries aligned with distinct business domains |
| Automated CI/CD | Facilitated frequent, reliable deployments |
| Security by Design | Ensured secure image, runtime, and secrets management |
- Breaking Monoliths into Microservices: Refactored legacy applications into independently deployable services
- Used DDD (domain-driven design) to identify bounded contexts
- Used Strangler Fig Pattern to incrementally replace monolithic components with microservices
- API-Driven Communication: Utilized GraphQL to standardize communication
- Separated concerns such as check-in, baggage, gate assignment, and boarding into distinct services
- Event-Driven Architecture: Leveraged Kafka for decoupled, asynchronous event handling
- API Gateway: Implemented AWS API Gateway for seamless communication between services. Explore open-source APIGW such as Kong.
- Cloud-Native Deployment:
- Migrated applications to Amazon EKS (Elastic Kubernetes Service)
- Leveraged AWS Fargate for serverless container management
- Cost Optimization: Shifted from EC2-based deployments to serverless architectures
- Leverage RDS, S3, and DynamoDB: Included Amazon RDS, S3, & DynamoDB for offloading storage and infrastructure management
- Auto-scaling: Implemented auto-scaling and on-demand provisioning to optimize costs
Realized Benefits
Reduced infrastructure costs by eliminating redundant EC2 instances
Improved operational efficiency through seamless deployments
Enhanced passenger experience with zero downtime in check-in & boarding applications
Achieved better scalability & reliability with event-driven microservices
Tools & Technologies
Amazon EKS
AWS Fargate
AWS API Gateway, or Kong API Gate way
Amazon MSK
Amazon EventBridge
AWS SNS
AWS SQS
Amazon DynamoDB / Amazon RDS
Rancher
GitLab CI/CD pipeline
Dynatrace, Sumologic
Orion platform and Consul
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